新疆优势种银盾革蜱各龄期形态超微观察

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2017.06.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

拟阐明银盾革蜱（Dermacentor niveus）各发育阶段形态及其发育特点，为各龄期革蜱类的防治提供一定的实验依据。笔者以新疆地区优势种革蜱——银盾革蜱为实验材料，通过体视显微镜及扫描电子显微镜对银盾革蜱各龄期虫体形态进行观察、鉴定。结果表明，在革蜱属中，银盾革蜱虫卵、幼蜱、若蜱和成蜱超微结构上存在明显差异，虫卵多为长椭圆形，随着孵化时间的增加，虫卵的颜色及内部的结构发生明显改变；幼蜱口下板齿式为2|2、肢节为3对（Ⅰ～Ⅲ）、无气门板、无生殖孔、肛门瓣刚毛1对、无肛后沟等；若蜱口下板齿式为3～2|2～3、肢节为4对（Ⅰ～Ⅳ）、无生殖孔但具有气门板、肛门瓣刚毛3对、假头基为三角形等；成蜱雄性的口下板齿式为3|3、具有生殖孔和气门板、肛门瓣刚毛5对半、肢节Ⅳ（股节、胫节和后跗节）腹面都具有3个齿状突等；成蜱雌性的口下板齿式为4～3|3～4、每一侧孔区具有一根刚毛、肛门瓣刚毛5对、肢节Ⅳ无齿状突等。本试验对银盾革蜱各发育阶段形态结构、鉴定要点等进行研究，初次描述了其各龄期超微结构及发育过程，为地方蜱传疾病综合防控提供一定的实验依据。

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to explain the difference between developmental stage and characteristics, and also provide a reference for the prevention and treatment in various instar of Dermacentor niveus. Dermacentor niveus was the dominant species as experimental materials in Xinjiang, while these stages of Dermacentor niveus was identified by stereo microscope and SEM. The ultrastructures of Dermacentor niveus had significantly difference between eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults. Eggs looked like oval, the color and internal structures of eggs were obviously changed in incubation time. Larvae can be distinguished by dental formula 2|2; 3 pairs of odomere; none of spiracular plate, Genital aperture and anal groove; anal vaives with 1 pair of setae. Nymphs can be distinguished by dental formula 3-2|2-3, 4 pairs of podomere; spiracular plate; none of Genital aperture; anal vaives with 3 pairs of setae; basis capitulum, with triangle. Male of adult ticks can be identified by dental formula 3|3; spiracular plate, genital aperture; surface of anal vaives, with 5.5 pairs of setae; ventral idiosoma of Podomere Ⅳ (femur, tibia and metatarsus), with 3 odontoid processes. Female of adult ticks can be also distinguished by dental formula 4-3|3-4; Dorsal of basis capitulum, each side of the porose area with a seta; the surface of anal vaives, with 5 pairs of setae; none of ventral idiosoma of Podomere Ⅳ. Identification and distinction of dominant species was studied in various instar Dermacentor niveus in Xinjiang, and also firstly described for the development and ultrastructures in different growth. The research would provide a reference of integrated control with tick-borne diseases in Xinjiang.

中图分类号:

S852.746

吴辉, 呼尔查, 朱玉涛, 许正茂, 巴音查汗. 新疆优势种银盾革蜱各龄期形态超微观察[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2017, 48(6): 1099-1109.

WU Hui, HU Er-cha, ZHU Yu-tao, XU Zheng-mao, BAYIN Chahan. Observation on the Ultramorphology of the Various Instar Dermacentor niveus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Xinjiang, Northwestern China[J]. ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA, 2017, 48(6): 1099-1109.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.xmsyxb.com/CN/10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2017.06.015

https://www.xmsyxb.com/CN/Y2017/V48/I6/1099

参考文献

[1] KRANTZ G W, WALTER D E. A manual of acarology[M]. 3rd ed. Lubbock:Texas Technology University Press, 2009, 816.
[2] PAROLA P, RAOULT D. Tick-borne bacterial diseases emerging in Europe[J]. Clin Microbiol Infect, 2001, 7(2):80-83.
[3] YASHINA L, PETROVA I, SEREGIN S, et al. Genetic variability of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in Russia and Central Asia[J]. J Gen Virol, 2003, 84(5):1199-1206.
[4] 周新荣, 刘栓奎, 常贵生, 等. 西藏阿里地区土拉菌病初步调查[J]. 地方病通报, 1993, 8(4):73-77.
ZHOU X R, LIU S K, CHANG G S, et al. Preliminary investigation on tularemia in Ali prefecture, the Tibet Autonomous Region of China[J]. Endemic Diseases Bulletin, 1993, 8(4):73-77. (in Chinese)
[5] 孔昭敏, 陈国仕, 金根源, 等. 新疆蜱媒自然疫源性疾病的调查研究[J]. 地方病通报, 1987, 2(3):1-4.
KONG Z M, CHEN G S, JIN G Y, et al. Investigations on ticks and tick-borne natural focal infections in Xinjiang[J]. Endemic Diseases Bulletin, 1987, 2(3):1-4. (in Chinese)
[6] 华满堂, 金兆清, 林涛, 等. 中俄、中哈边境地区莱姆病自然疫源地调查研究[J]. 解放军预防医学杂志, 1999, 17(6):402-405.
HUA M T, JIN Z Q, LIN T, et al. Investigation of lyme disease focus of natural infection in the border areas near Russia and Kazakhstan[J]. Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 1999, 17(6):402-405. (in Chinese)
[7] 张芳, 刘增加. 我国西北部分地区Q热分子流行病学调查[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志, 2011, 6(3):183-185, 235.
ZHANG F, LIU Z J. Molecular epidemiological studies on Coxiella burnetii from Northwestern China[J]. Journal of Pathogen Biology, 2011, 6(3):183-185, 235. (in Chinese)
[8] 孟元, 张玉婷, 吴敏, 等. 新疆革蜱源性牛无浆体的PCR检测[J]. 中国兽医杂志, 2015, 51(11):36-38.
MENG Y, ZHANG Y T, WU M, et al. PCR detection of Dermacentor-borne Anaplasma bovis in Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2015, 51(11):36-38. (in Chinese)
[9] DE LA FUENTE J, ALMAZÁN C, BLAS-MACHADO U, et al. The tick protective antigen, 4D8, is a conserved protein involved in modulation of tick blood ingestion and reproduction[J]. Vaccine, 2006, 24(19):4082-4095.
[10] WILLADSEN P. Tick control:thoughts on a research agenda[J]. Vet Parasitol, 2006, 138(1-2):161-168.
[11] 张玉婷. 镰形扇头蜱P0基因的克隆及其双链RNA(dsRNA)杀蜱效果的研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学, 2015.
ZHANG Y T. Clone and the effect development of dsRNAs for tickicide of Rhipicephalus Haemaphysaloides P0 gene[D]. Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[12] 徐秉锟. 人体寄生虫电镜图谱[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 1988:160-163.
XU B K. Human parasite electron microscopic map[M]. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House, 1988:160-163. (in Chinese)
[13] 陆宝麟. 中国重要医学动物鉴定手册[M]. 北京:人民卫生出版社, 1982:805-819.
LU B L. Handbook of main medical animals in China[M]. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House, 1982:805-819. (in Chinese)
[14] 于心, 叶瑞玉, 龚正达. 新疆蜱类志[M]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社, 1997.
YU X, YE R Y, GONG Z D. The ticks fauna of Xinjiang[M]. Urumqi:Xinjiang Science and Technology Publishing House, 1997. (in Chinese)
[15] DARVISHI M M, YOUSSEFI M R, CHANGIZI E, et al. Biology of Dermacentor marginatus (Acari:Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions[J]. Asian Pac J Trop Dis, 2014, 4(S1):S284-S289.
[16] HEPBURN H R. The insect integument[M]. New York:Elsevier, 1976:837-840.
[17] 刘敬泽, 姜在阶. 20-羟基蜕皮酮对银盾革蜱若虫蜕化期和存活作用的研究[J]. 寄生虫与医学昆虫学报, 1994, 1(4):40-46.
LIU J Z, JIANG Z J. Effects of 20-Hydroxyecdysone on moulting period and viability in nymph of Dermacentor niveus Neumann (Acari:Ixodidae)[J]. Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica, 1994, 1(4):40-46. (in Chinese)
[18] 黄赤, 姜在阶. 银盾革蜱脂肪体超微结构和功能[J]. 寄生虫与医学昆虫学报, 1994, 1(2):54-60.
HUANG C, JIANG Z J. Fine structure and function of the fat body of Dermacentor niveus Neumann[J]. Acta Parasitological et Medica Entomologica Sinica, 1994, 1(2):54-60. (in Chinese)
[19] 唐小玲, 姜在阶, 白春玲. 银盾革蜱神经分泌细胞的超微结构和分泌活性的研究[J]. 寄生虫与医学昆虫学报, 1994, 1(3):58-62.
TANG X L, JIANG Z J, BAI C L. Studies on the ultrastructure and activity of neurosecretory cells in Dermacentor niveus[J]. Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica, 1994, 1(3):58-62. (in Chinese)
[20] 王文林, 姜在阶. 银盾革蜱的中肠上皮变化与血餐消化[J]. 昆虫学报, 1992, 35(4):443-448.
WANG W L, JIANG Z J. Changes of midgut epithelium and blood meal digestion in the tick Dermacentor niveus Neumann[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 1992, 35(4):443-448. (in Chinese)
[21] 姜广仁, 马立名. 草原革蜱产卵、孵化及幼蜱蜕皮的观察[J]. 华东昆虫学报, 1999, 8(2):119.
JIANG G R, MA L M. Observations on oviposition, incubation and larva exuviation of tick Dermacentor nuttalli Olenev[J]. Entomological Journal of East China, 1999, 8(2):119. (in Chinese)
[22] 逄春积, 何华, 陈国仕. 银盾革蜱的生物学观察[J]. 军事医学科学院院刊, 1985(4):397-402.
PANG C J, HE H, CHEN G S. Biology of Dermacentor niveus in Altai region, Xinjiang[J]. Bulletin of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 1985(4):397-402. (in Chinese)
[23] 李莹, 姜在阶, 陈晓端, 等. 硬蜱盾窝与盾窝腺的细微结构[J]. 昆虫学报, 1991, 34(4):421-426.
LI Y, JIANG Z J, CHEN X D, et al. The fine structure of foveae and foveal glands in ticks[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 1991, 34(4):421-426. (in Chinese)
[24] AXTELL R C, LEFURGEY A. Comparisons of the foveae dorsales in male and female ixodid ticks Amblyomma americanum, A. maculatum, Dermacentor andersoni and D. variabilis (Acari:Ixodidae)[J]. J Med Entomol, 1979, 16(3):173-179.
[25] OLIVER JR J H, TANAKA K, SAWADA M. Cytogenetics of ticks (Acari:Ixodoidea)[J]. Chromosoma, 1974, 45(4):445-456.